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Global warming and the future of Pacific Island Countries

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Tisdell Clem

This article briefly outlines the cause of global warming, its trends and consequences as indicated by the International Panel on Climate Change. Sea-level rise is one consequence of particular concern to Pacific island states. It also reviews the views of economists about connections between economic growth and global warming. Whereas the majority of economists did not foresee a conflict between economic growth and global warming, the possibility of such a conflict is now more widely recognized following the Stem Report. International efforts, such as through the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric concentration are discussed and prospects for post-Kyoto policies are considered. It is predicted that a significant reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions is unlikely to be achieved in the foreseeable future due to conflicting national interest (a prisoners' dilemma problem) and because is will take time to develop new technologies which will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, payment for greenhouse gas emissions (for example, via tradable permits) will accelerate desirable technological advance. Both international political action and efforts to develop and use technologies that lower greenhouse gas emissions need to be pursued. Given current and likely increases in greenhouse gas emissions, continuing global warming in this century appears to be inevitable and consequently Pacific island states will be adversely affected by sea-level rise and climate change. How they will be affected and to what extent is discussed together with their ability to cope with the emerging problem Ways are also examined of addressing the consequences for Pacific island states of global warming.

Post relocation survey report, Tegua Community, Torba province, Vanuatu

Available Online

Nakalevu Taito

Phillips, Brian

The field visit to Tegua in the Torba Province. Vanuahi was undertaken to carry out a post relocation survey. The relocation was earned out under the Capacity Building for the Development of Adaptation Measures in Pacific Islands Countries (CBDAMPIC) project as an adaptation measure to the vulnerability that the people of Tegua are facing due to salt-water inundation.

vanuatu

Visions for a Sea Change: report of the first international workshop on marine spatial planning

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Ehler, Charles

Fanny Douvere

Marine spatial planning is a way of improving decision making and delivering an ecosystem-based approach to managing human activities in the marine environment. It is a planning process that enables integrated, forward looking, and consistent decision making on the human uses of the sea. Marine spatial planning is analogous to spatial or land use planning in terrestrial environments.

Pacific invasive learning network 2007 Annual meeting, Moorea, French Polynesia 3-7 September 2007: meeting report

Available Online

Key, Dr. Jill

The Pacific Invasives Learning Network (PILN) serves teams of Pacific Island agencies responsible for invasives management, including agencies responsible for agriculture, international trade and other economic interests, as well as conservation and natural resource management. PILNs mission is to empower effective invasive species management through a participant-driven network that meets priority needs, rapidly shares skills and resources, provides links to technical expertise, increases information exchange, and accelerates on- the-ground action.

Deep-Sea biodiversity and ecosystems: a scoping report on their socio-economy, management and governance

Available Online

Moreau Vincent

van den Hove, Sybille

The objective of this report is to provide an overview of the key socio-economic, management and governance issues relating to the conservation and sustainable use of deep-sea ecosystems and biodiversity. The report highlights our current understanding of these issues and identifies topics and areas that need further investigation to close gaps in knowledge. It also explores the needs and means for interfacing research with policy with a view to contributing to the political processes regarding deep-sea and high-seas governance, which are currently ongoing in various international fora within and outside the UN system. In addition, this report provides guidance on the future direction and focus of research on environmental, socio-economic and governance aspects in relation to the deep sea.

governance

International trade and climate change: economic, legal, and institutional perspectives: overview

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

The World Bank

THE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND DEVELOPMENTAL consequences of climate change have received increasing recognition worldwide. The Stern Review (2006) notes that climate change is a serious and urgent problem, global in its cause and consequences. Current actions are not enough if we are to stabilize greenhouse gases (GHGs) at any acceptable level. The economic challenges are complex and will require a long-term international collaboration to tackle them. The recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also categorically states that the impacts of climate change will vary regionally, but aggregated and discounted to the present, they are very likely to impose net annual costs that will increase over time as global temperatures increase (IPCC 2007). The Kyoto Protocol remains the key international mechanism under which the industrial countries have committed to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.

Guidelines for mid-term investment plans (MTIPS) for sustainable land management

Available Online

Unisfera International Centre

Sustainable land management is increasingly recognized as a potential foundation of poverty reduction and sustainable development. In many cases, achieving sustainable land management or correcting unsustainable land use practices requires broad?based reforms, policy changes that reach beyond the scope of traditional environmental policy?making, as well as targeted interventions that yield immediate results. Despite the breadth and depth of the challenge faced by most developing countries, the resources invested in implementing policies and programmes for sustainable land management remain insufficient. In fact, the issue of resource mobilization for sustainable land management has been recognized as one of the major hurdles to achieving policy goals in most developing countries. Countries have been faced with sectoral policies, plans and programmes, including National Action Programmes under the UNCCD that lacked grounding in broader country frameworks, and therefore went unimplemented.

Post-Tsunami assessment of Zinoa marine conservation area, South Choiseul, Solomon Islands

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Hamilton Richard, Ramohia Peter, Hughes Alec, Siota Catherine, etc

The waters surrounding Choiseul contain some of the highest diversities of coral and reef fish in the world, with the 2004 Solomon Island Marine Assessment showing that the Solomon Islands are part of the global centre for marine diversity known as the Coral Triangle. Other countries that make up the Coral Triangle are Indonesia, Philippines, parts of Malaysia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. Since 2004 The Nature Conservancy (TNC), the Lauru Land Conference of Tribal Community (LLCTC) and Choiseul provincial fisheries have assisted five local communities around Choiseul in their efforts to establish Marine Conservation Areas (MCA) on their traditional reefs. The first MCA to be established was the Zinoa MCA. Zinoa is located on the south-west side of Choiseul in the Solomon Islands. The Zinoa MCA was established by traditional leaders in November 2004, covering 150 hectares and consisting of two islands and associated reefs that occur approximately one kilometre offshore from Voza village on the Choiseul mainland. The reefs around Zinoa Islands are representative of this region of the South coast of Choiseul. In early 2005 sea cucumbers, trochus and giant clams around Zinoa Islands were reported by traditional reef owners to be only a tiny fraction of their former abundance and food fish populations were also reported to be in decline.

solomon islands

Caution for application of "Fukuoka Method" (Semi-aerobic landfill technology)

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Matsufuji, Kouji

The Fukuoka Method is a technology for activation of reduction of organic material using aerobic microorganisms through providing an aerobic environment to the extent possible inside landfills to lessen the burden on the environment and promote stabilization. However, unless there is a minimum amount of moisture in the landfill layer, the microorganisms are not active and degradation also does not make progress. Therefore, in regions where precipitation is low, in addition to ensuring a soil covering to the extent possible for preventing the landfill waste material from drying out, storage, and circulation of leachate in the landfill must also be considered to ensure that leachate does not flow out of the landfill and to ensure there is a sufficient amount of water in the landfill.

Pacific ACP Leaders meeting, Nukualofa, Tonga, 15 October 2007 : summary record

Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat

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