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Regional assessment of the Commercial viability for Marine Ornamental aquaculture within the Pacific Islands (Giant clam, hard & soft coral, Finfish, Live rocks & Marine shrimp)

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Ledua, E.

Lindsay, S.R.

Stanley, J.

The completion of this report would not have been possible without the assistance of a large number of organizations and individuals. We would like to convey our sincere thanks and gratitude to all those who provided information, guidance and advice. Special thanks are extended to the following individuals whose assistance was instrumental in providing information for this report. Mr. Francis Itimai for the Federated States of Micronesia. Mr. Theo Isamu, Mr. Obichang Orak, Mr. Roman Yano, Mr. Larry Goddard, Mr. Francis Matsutaro, Mr. Yimnang Golbuu, Ms. Elisabeth Mathews and Mr. and Mrs. Yano in Palau. Mr. Danny Wase, Ms. Florence Edwards, Mr. Terry Keju, Dr. Manoj Nair and Mr. Rod Bourke in the Marshall Islands. Dr. Dan Sua, Ms. Malwine Lober, Mr. Lui Bell and Mr. Masanami Izumi in Samoa. Ms. Michelle Lam, Mr. Walt and Mrs. Debra Smith, Mr. Tim McLeod, Mr. Hugh Govan in Fiji. Mr. Poasi Fale, Mr. Dickson, Joe Viock and Ms. Mandi Johnson in Tonga. Mr. Moses Amos, Mr. William Naviti, Mr. Larry Sharron and Mr. Quentin Segrest in Vanuatu. In addition, we would like to extend our thanks to a number of individuals; Mr. David Hesaie, Mr. Ian Bertram, Mr. Georges Remoissenet, Dr. Mike Rimmer, Mr. Flinn Curren, Mr. John Gourley, Ms Cathy Hair, Ms. Marine-Ange Hnaujie Mr. Paul Holthus, Mr. Nelson Kile, Mr. Idris Lane, Mr. Ben Ponia and for their help, information and guidance.

Coral reefs and Global climate change : potential contributions of Climate Change to stresses on Coral Reef ecosystems

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Aronson, Richard B.

Buddemeier, Robert W

Kleypas, Joan A.

Coral reefs represent some of the most biologically diverse ecosystems on Earth, providing critical habitat to approximately 25 percent of marine species. In addition, these ecosystems provide economic benefits through tourism and fisheries. One recent estimate valued the annual net economic benefits of the worlds coral reefs at $30 billion. However, human activities including development in coastal areas, over-fishing, and pollution have contributed to a global loss of over 10 percent of these valuable ecosystems. An additional 15 percent have been lost due to warming of the surface ocean, and climate change will further contribute to coral reef degradation in the decades ahead.

Cook Islands National Waste Strategy: National Environment Service

Available Online

National Environment Service

National Waste Policy : Defines waste and sets out the general principles which guide how waste issues are dealt with in the Cook Islands

Extreme weather: does nature keep up?: observed responses of species and ecosystems to changes in climate and extreme weather events: many more reasons for concern

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Leemans, Rik

van Vilet Arnold

Plants, birds, insects, mammals, amphibians and fishes are rapidly responding to the observed changes in climate everywhere on the planet. Extreme high temperatures immediately result in hefty responses. The responses, however, significantly differ from species to species and from year to year, which complicates a clear attribution of causes. The ecological impacts are nowadays visible everywhere through changes in the timing of life cycle events and the geographic distributions of species. Plants have advanced flowering by up to 30 days and are now doing so at dates never documented in the last two centuries. Some species show a dramatic increase in range area, disrupting ecosystems like, for example, the rapid spread over millions of hectares of the Mountain Pine Beetle in North America and the northward expansion of the Oak Processionary caterpillar in The Netherlands. Also fires have increased catastrophically in tropical wet forests during the severe droughts of the El Niño years in the nineties. Other species show a dramatic decrease in distribution or population sizes, illustrated by bleaching corals and disappearing amphibians worldwide. Warm winters, hot summers, excessive precipitation and extended droughts are weather events that trigger these responses

climate change

Vehicle recycling on South Tarawa : an initial feasibility study

Waste Management and Pollution Control

Available Online

Leney, Alice

Vehicle traffic in Tarawa is increasing rapidly with the importation of more and more vehicles. Vehicle waste is of course also increasing, and as the upsurge in vehicles imported in the last few years feeds through, and those vehicles are no longer in service, the waste issue is set to increase dramatically. On an atoll any waste is a problem, and large wastes such as vehicles are particular problems. They also contain liquid and toxic wastes that need dealing with in a systematic manner, that are currently a major source of ground water pollution.

Migrations of green turtles in the central South Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Balazs, G.

Brainard R.

Craig, P.

Parker, D.

Rice, M.

Estimates of food crop production in Papua New Guinea

Available Online

Bourke, R.M. & Vlassak, V.

Estimates of the quantity of food produced in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are important for planning and research. Information contained in the Mapping Agricultural Systems of PNG database of the proportion of land devoted to various food crops allows new estimates to be made. To calculate annual production for each staple crop, estimates of the proportion of garden area devoted to each crop for each agricultural system were combined with census data on the rural population in 2000 (4.3 million rural villagers), mean garden area planted per person per year and mean crop yield for that environment. These data allow estimates to be made for banana, cassava, coconut, potato, Queensland arrowroot, rice, sago, sweet potato, and various taro and yam species. Total annual staple crop production is estimated as 4.5 million tonnes (1050 kg/person/year), with an energy value of 4.3 × 1012 kilocalories (2770 kcal/person/day). It would require an additional 1.2 million tonnes per year of imported rice to replace the energy value of these staple foods, with a retail value of K2850 million.

papua new guinea

Pacific live reef food fish trade (Pacific Island Countries) project review report

Biodiversity Conservation

Hagenstein, Randy ... [et al.]

Baseline biological survey of To'atuga reef : Samoa

Available Online

Lovell, Edward R.

Toatuga Reef is located between 6.5-7.4 km (3.5-4.0 nautical miles) north or seaward of Apia Harbour (middle) on the north coast of Upolo Island, Samoa. It is an elongate ridge of reef extending in a NWSE axis, with a broad reef top which ranges between 15-22m descending on a slope of 300 450 with vertical sections to a sand and rubble bottom at 35-40m. The reef top is characterised by a low topographic relief with the undulating contours of small ridges and depressions. This report provides a baseline description of the major habitat types and dominant fauna present on the reef. A basic inventory and description of the Toatuga marine environment is undertaken. Transects were used to detail the occurrence primarily of fish, coral, algae, mobile invertebrates and physical substrate types. Preliminary species inventories were compiled for hard coral and fish, with records of other benthos. General features of the habitat such as the surge environment, current, depth, bathymetric profile, community type and dynamics are described. Bathymetric assessment was aided by the profiling of the reef by South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) which provided a framework for site position and general reef assessment. Impacts of storms, coral bleaching, disease and the human impacts of recreational diving, fishing and anchoring are discussed and management recommendations made.

samoa

Climate change : challenges Tuvalu

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Holl, Carina

Horstmann, Britta

Ralston, Holley

"We dont want to leave this place. We dont want to leave, its our land, our God given land, it is our culture, we cant leave. People wont leave until the very last minute. With these dramatic words, Paani Laupepa, the former assistant secretary at Tuvalu's Ministry of Natural Resources, Energy and Environment, expressed the feelings of many Tuvaluans when it comes to the worst-case scenario of climate change and its effects on small island nations. The scenarios and warnings of international scientist on climate change and its inevitable consequences must be like a constant Damocles Sword for the inhabitants of Tuvalu. For the 21st century, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that there will be a warming of global temperatures and a rise of the sea level by up to almost one meter.

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