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Synthesis report for the ecosystem-based management for sustainable coastal-marine system initiative

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Sherwood, Kristin

in 1999, the national academy of sciences issued the report, Our Common Journey: A Transition Toward Sustainability, which led to a wide-ranging discussion within the Packard Foundation about supporting the birth of the emerging field of sustainability science.1 At the same time, the Foundations asset base had declined due to an economic downturn, leading Foundation leaders to refocus discussions around investing in sustainability science to an investigation of issues surrounding the sustainability of ocean and coastal- marine systems.

Examples of ecosystem-based management in National Marine sanctuaries: moving from theory to practice

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Abramson, Leslie ...[et al.]

In the last two decades, ecosystem-based management (EBM) emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional single-species approaches for effective management of marine and coastal resources. Christensen et al. (1996) defined ecosystem management as management driven by explicit goals, executed by policies, protocols, and practices, and made adaptable by monitoring and research based on our best understanding of the ecological interactions and processes necessary to sustain ecosystem composition, structure, and function. Ecosystem-based management integrates many sectors and stakeholders, considers cumulative impacts, explicitly includes humans as integral to the system, and preserves important services for humans as goals for management (McLeod et al. 2005). The Pew Oceans Commission and the US Commission on Ocean Policy both articulated the scientific communitys support for EBM and identified it as a necessary element of effective resource management (Pew Oceans Commission 2003, US Commission on Ocean Policy 2004).

ecosystem-based management

Review of marine turtles legislation in Samoa, Tuvalu, Marshall islands, Solomon islands and Fiji

Available Online

Batibasaga, Aisake

Bell, Lui A.J.

Edwards, Florence

Kabua, Emma N

Masolo, Tia

Nasome, Epeli

Ramohia, Peter

Tekinene, Mataio

Tokaduadua

Marine Turtle Species present: Three species of marine turtles have been recorded to occur in Samoa waters. The most common species are hawksbill [Eretmochelys imbricata] and green [Chelonia mydas] turtles, while only a few specimens of leatherback turtles [Dermochelys coriacea] have been caught tangled in long-line fishing lines for tuna in Samoan waters. Marine turtle satellite tagging by LAquarium des Lagons (New Caledonia) and NOAA in 2008 showed that one of the juvenile loggerheads released from the Marine Nationale Patrouilleur la Glorieuse, New Caledonia, travelled eastward and was near Samoas EEZ when the signal ceased. It is very likely that that loggerhead entered Samoan waters thus indicating the presence of that species. Hawksbill turtle is the only species known to nest in Samoa

Strengthening coastal and marine resource managment in the coral triangle of the Pacific - phase 1. (RETA 6471): final report

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

UNIQUEST Pty Ltd

The following Appendix presents the country level program for Fiji within the Regional Technical Assistance (RETA) program for the Coral Triangle Initiative Pacific program. The RETA is operating within five countries including Timor Leste, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu and Papua New Guinea. The overall Project documentation will comprise a consolidated RETA technical assistance document and a GEF CEO endorsement template. These documents will be highly aggregated data and descriptions that will not define detailed country level programs

The lagoon at Caroline/Millennium atoll, Republic of Kiribati: natural history of a nearly pristine ecosystem

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Barott, Katie L...[et al.]

A series of surveys were carried out to characterize the physical and biological parameters of the Millennium Atoll lagoon during a research expedition in April of 2009. Millennium is a remote coral atoll in the Central Pacific belonging to the Republic of Kiribati, and a member of the Southern Line Islands chain. The atoll is among the few remaining coral reef ecosystems that are relatively pristine. The lagoon is highly enclosed, and was characterized by reticulate patch and line reefs throughout the center of the lagoon as well as perimeter reefs around the rim of the atoll. The depth reached a maximum of 33.3 m in the central region of the lagoon, and averaged between 8.8 and 13.7 m in most of the pools. The deepest areas were found to harbor large platforms of Favia matthaii, which presumably provided a base upon which the dominant corals (Acropora spp.) grew to form the reticulate reef structure. The benthic algal communities consisted mainly of crustose coralline algae (CCA), microfilamentous turf algae and isolated patches of Halimeda spp. and Caulerpa spp. Fish species richness in the lagoon was half of that observed on the adjacent fore reef. The lagoon is likely an important nursery habitat for a number of important fisheries species including the blacktip reef shark and Napoleon wrasse, which are heavily exploited elsewhere around the world but were common in the lagoon at Millennium. The lagoon also supports an abundance of giant clams (Tridacna maxima). Millennium lagoon provides an excellent reference of a relatively undisturbed coral atoll. As with most coral reefs around the world, the lagoon communities of Millennium may be threatened by climate change and associated warming, acidification and sea level rise, as well as sporadic local resource exploitation which is difficult to monitor and enforce because of the atolls remote location. While the remote nature of Millennium has allowed it to remain one of the few nearly pristine coral reef ecosystems in the world, it is imperative that this ecosystem receives protection so that it may survive for future generations.

kiribati

Sea turtle status and trends: integrating demography and abundance

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Long lifespans and wide-ranging migrations make the seven species of sea turtles difficult to monitor. They are susceptible to many sources of mortality, including direct and incidental takes (basically any potential impact on a turtle or its behavior [50 CFR 17.3]) from coastal and oceanic human activities worldwide. All six of the species that occur in U.S. waters1 (loggerhead [Caretta caretta], green [Chelonia mydas], hawksbill [Eretmochelys imbricata], Kemps ridley [Lepidochelys kempii], olive ridley [Lepidochelys olivacea], and leatherback [Dermochelys coriacea]) are listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act, thereby prohibiting their direct harvest, although incidental take is permitted under some circumstances. (The seventh sea-turtle species is the flatback (Natator depressus), which is only found in the waters around Australia, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia.) Accurate assessments are necessary to evaluate the status and trends of populations and the impacts of incidental takes and to assess the value of implemented protections on specific populations.

Cost benefit study of disaster risk mitigation measures in three islands in Maldives

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

Shaig, Ahmed

Venton, Courtenay Cabot

Venton, Paul

Climate change is a key human development issue. In the absence of urgent steps to combat and adapt to it, it will worsen the quality of life of the poor population and threaten many vulnerable nation states. The United Nations has been instrumental in ensuring that climate change remains a top priority issue globally, and to integrate the issue into national and local development agenda. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is committed to supporting the Government of Maldives in operationalizing the outcomes of the fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP 15) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), by mainstreaming climate change adaptation and low carbon development in the national Strategic Action Plan. In the Maldives, UNDP advocates Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) at the island, atoll and national level, through policy advice and advocacy, and strengthening human, institutional and system-wide capacities

The catastrophic impact of invasive mammalian predators on birds of the UK overseas territories: a review and synthesis

Available Online

Cuthbert, Richard J.

Hilton, Geoff M

The UK has sovereignty over 16 Overseas Territories, which hold some of the world's great seabird colonies and collectively support more endemic and globally threatened bird species than the whole of mainland Europe. Invasive alien mammalian predators have spread throughout most of the Territories, primarily since European expansion in the 16th century. Here we review and synthesize the scale of their impacts, historical and current, actions to reduce and reverse these impacts, and priorities for conservation. Mammalian predators have caused a catastrophic wave of extinctions and reductions in seabird colony size that mark the UKOTs as a major centre of global extinction. Mammal-induced declines of threatened endemics and seabird colonies continue, with four Critically Endangered endemics on Gough Island (Tristan da Cunha), St Helena and Montserrat directly threatened by invasive alien House Mice Mus musculus, Feral Cats Felis catus and rats Rattus spp. Action to reduce these threats and restore islands has been modest in comparison with other developed countries, although some notable successes have occurred and a large number of ambitious eradication and conservation plans are in preparation. Priority islands for cosnervation action against mammalian predators include Gough (which according to one published prioritization scheme is the highest-ranked island in the world for mammal eradication), St Helena and Montserrat, but also on Tristan da Cunha, Pitcairn and the Falkland Island. Technical, financial and political will is required to push forward and fund the eradication of invasive mammalian predators on these islands, which would significantly reduce extinction risk for a number of globally threatened species.

Monitoring forest biodiversity : improving conservation through ecologically-responsible management

Gardner Tony

Wild product governance : finding policies that work for non-timber forest products

Laird, Sarah A.

McLain, Rebecca

Wynberg, Rachel P.

governance

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