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Managing mangroves for resilience to climate change

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

McLeod Elizabeth

Salm Rodney V

A report on the proper management of mangroves for resilience to climate change

Guidelines on the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matter, 1972

Waste Management and Pollution Control

International Maritime Organization

waste management

Plastic bag prohibition on important regulations 2006

Available Online

Government of Samoa

Marine coastal ecosystems and human well-being: a synthesis report based on the findings of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Brown Claire ... et al.

Coastal and marine ecosystems are amongst the most productive ecosystems in the world and provide many services to human society; however, many of these ecosystems have become degraded. Food provisioning in the form of fisheries catch is one of the most important services derived from coastal and marine ecosystems. With more than a billion people relying on fish as their main or sole source of animal protein, fisheries in developing countries are a particularly important source of protein. Fisheries and fish products provide direct employment to 38 million people, with a further 162 million people indirectly involved in the fisheries industry (FAO 2004). The state of industrial fisheries is of concern as many people depend on their existence for food and employment, with many fisheries being overexploited. Aquaculture is the fastest growing food producing sector, accounting for 30% of total fish consumption.

Republic of Vanuatu National Adaptation programme for action (NAPA)

Climate Change Resilience

Available Online

National Advisory Committee on Climate Change (NACCC)

The Republic of Vanuatu ratified the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 09 March 1993, and submitted its Initial National Communication (INC) to the UNFCCC on 30 October 1999. Following the preparation of its INC, Vanuatu has initiated efforts to create an institutional set-up that seeks to mainstream climate change issues into the national legal frameworks. Moreover, its INC provides compelling evidence that, by global standards, Vanuatu is one of the nations most vulnerable to climate change and sea-level rise. Ratification of the UNFCCC is one step forward in terms of commitment to addressing climate change and related issues. Vanuatu is also a Party to many other UN conventions such as those, among others: biological diversity, biosafety, persistent organic pollutants, and combating desertification. The country has also ratified the Kyoto Protocol on 17 July 2001.

vanuatu

Getting involved in caring for Hawaii's Coastal Resources: A community guidebook

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Komoto Jill

Mauka (toward the mountains) and makai (toward the ocean) are not just directional references; they embody our fundamental natural and cultural resources, land and ocean. Hawaiians believe there is a balance between ocean and land. In traditional times, the ocean and its marine life were as well known as the life attributes of the upland areas. This intimate relationship with nature resonates today in the modern principle of sustainability. We continue a strong interconnected, interrelated and interdependent relationship with our natural and cultural resources. Some call it ecosystem-based stewardship.

Reflective practice in teacher education : learning from case studies of environmental education

Kyburz-Graber, Regula ... [et al.]

American Samoa coral reef marine protected area strategy

Available Online

Oram, Risa Grace

Coral reefs are an important natural resource in American Samoa providing protection, food, and other benefits. American Samoa's reefs have suffered numerous natural and anthropogenic destructive impacts including crown-of-thorns starfish infestations, coral bleaching events, cyclones, sedimentation and pollution. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one form of management that can be used to address some of these threats to the reefs. Studies have shown that well-designed no-take reserves are particularly effective in maintaining biodiversity, productivity and ecological integrity of coral reefs (NOAA, 2002). MPAs also protect trophic systems and ecosystem resilience. On August 2, 2000 then-Governor Tauese Sunia requested a plan be developed for coral reef protection to reach the goal of protecting twenty percent (20%) of Territorial coral reefs as "no-take" MPA's (Sunia, 2000). To ensure effective management, the American Samoa Government has acknowledged the need for a Coral Reef MPA Strategy that can guide the creation of new no take MPAs. The American Samoa Coral Reef MPA Strategy covers the coral reef ecosystems in American Samoa, which are understood to include coral, seagrass, macroalgae, coralline algae, turf algae, emergent vegetation and mangroves.

Territory of American Samoa integrated water quality monitoring and assessment report, 2006

Available Online

Anderson, Hope S.

Buchan Edna L.

The Territory of American Samoa lies roughly 14 degrees south of the equator between longitude 169 and 173 west and about 2,500 miles southwest of Hawaii. The principal islands are Tutuila, Aunu'u, and the Manu'a islands (a cluster of three islands, Ta'u, Ofu and Olosega, located about 65 miles east of Tutuila). Swains Island, a small island with a population of less than 25 and Rose Atoll, an uninhabited atoll about 120 miles east of Tutuila make up the remainder of the territory. The population of the territory was 57,291 people in the year 2000, of which approximately 97% live on the island of Tutuila. The islands of American Samoa are volcanic in origin and exhibit the rugged topographic relief common to the Pacific volcanic islands. The climate of the territory is tropical, with uniform high temperatures and high humidity throughout the year. Mean daily temperature during the year varies from about 78 to 82 degrees Fahrenheit. The maximum altitude is about 3,180 ft. above mean sea level at the summit of Lata Mountain on Ta'u Island. Tutuila, with an area of 53 square miles, is the largest island in the territory. It is approximately 20 miles long and ranges in width from less than one mile, to a maximum of 5 miles at the Tafuna Leone plain. A sharp-crested ridge 1,000 to 2,000 feet high with steeply eroded slopes dominates the entire length of the island.

Strategie pour la biodiversite de Polynesie francaise

Available Online

Ministere du developpement

La Polynésie française, conformément à la convention sur la diversité biologique, aussi appellee convention de Rio, se dote dune stratégie de conservation de sa biodiversité afin de sauvegarder les espèces animales et végétales, marines, terrestres ou aquatiques qui participent à léquilibre de ses écosystèmes et qui sont aussi source de nombreux services indispensables au développement durable de la Polynésie : tourisme, agriculture, pêche, perliculture, artisanat Une démarche participative, grâce à une large concertation, a permis de définir une stratégie de protection de la biodiversité de Polynésie française qui soit un reflet des enjeux locaux. Ainsi, plus dune centaine dorganismes ont été sollicités lors dateliers de consultation menés dans les 5 archipels afin de prendre en compte leurs spécificités. A la suite de ces consultations, une table ronde a été organisée sur la base des résultats obtenus lors des ateliers de concertation, afin de déterminer les priorités à prendre en compte dans cette stratégie. Lanalyse des résultats de la concertation menée associée aux données scientifiques récentes a permis de structurer une stratégie pour la protection de la biodiversité, pour une durée de cinq années, autour des points suivants : Mettre en oeuvre les moyens de gérer les espaces naturels protégés, notamment avec la création d'un conservatoire des espaces naturels et du littoral ; Classer en espaces protégés les sites de conservation importants et prioritaires en Polynésie avec pour objectif de protéger 10 % du territoire terrestre et lagonaire en cinq ans ; Poursuivre les acquisitions de données sur la biodiversité en soutenant notamment les inventaires écologiques; Créer un observatoire de la biodiversité et des changements climatiques; Mener des actions spécifiques de sauvegarde d'espèces patrimoniales menacées et de lutte contre les espèces menaçant la biodiversité ; Continuer à sensibiliser les élus, décideurs, politiques, responsables ainsi que le grand public à la nécessité de protéger la biodiversité ; Assurer un financement durable de la protection de la biodiversité. Réglementer laccès et le partage des avantages issus de la biodiversité. Cette stratégie devrait permettre de limiter la perte de la biodiversité et de valoriser cette richesse. Elle sera prochainement traduite en plan daction détaillé.

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