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Sea cucumber fisheries : a manager's toolbox

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Bell, J

Friedman K

Hair, C

Purcell S

Fishers have changed their methods from wading in the shallows to the use of sail and paddle canoes, and dinghies with outboard motors. This has resulted in greater coverage of the area where sea cucumbers live, more regular fishing, access to remote areas and the capacity to transport greater catches. Loss of much larger numbers of sea cucumbers from many areas as a result of this increased fishing pressure reduces the chances of adults remaining at densities high enough for effective reproduction. When sea cucumbers are 'thinned out' by over-fishing, they are not always able to find mates to breed with during the spawning season.

Australian hawksbill turtle population dynamics project

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Limpus Colin. J.

Miller Jeffrey D.

Cheloniid turtles are characterised by a complicated life history: their eggs are laid on warm beaches; hatchling sex is determined temperature dependent sex determination during embryonic development; lack of parental care; hatchlings are imprinted to the natal area; hatchlings disperse to feed on plankton in the pelagic environments followed by inshore recruitment to feed on benthic organisms; immature turtles have slow growth and delayed maturation; adults migrate to breed in their respective natal area; they lay multiple clutches in a breeding season but dot normally breed annually; adults display high fidelity to both their respective breeding and the feeding areas and have an extended adult life (Hirth. 1997).

Review of measures taken by intergovernmental organization to address sea turtle and seabird interactions in marine capture fisheries

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Blanchi, Gabriella

Gilman Eric

Moth-Poulsen, Thomas

This document reviews actions taken by intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), including regional fisheries management organizations (RFMOs) and other relevant regional fishery bodies (RFBs), to address problematic sea turtle and seabird interactions in marine capture fisheries. Sea turtles and seabirds are subject to a number of natural and anthropogenic mortality sources, including fishing operations. As a result, all sea turtle species of known status are recognized as being endangered. All sea turtle species excluding the flatback are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which regulates international trade. Of the 61 species of seabirds affected by longline fisheries, 26 are threatened with extinction, including 19 species of albatrosses. The Convention on Migratory Species, which has a broader remit than CITES in terms of its requirements for both domestic and multilateral conservation measures, lists all sea turtles, albatrosses, giant petrels and Procellaria petrels in its Appendices. Due to concern over the status of sea turtles and certain species of seabirds and the possible negative effects of fishing on these populations, several IGOs have taken measures to address these problems. Some of these organizations have begun examining seabird or sea turtle interactions, several have adopted voluntary measures to address problematic interactions, while five RFMOs have legally binding measures requiring the employment of seabird avoidance methods in pelagic and demersal longline and trawl fisheries. There currently are no legally binding measures in place by an IGO to manage turtle-fishery interactions or seabird interactions in coastal gillnet fisheries. Several IGOs, which lack fisheries management authority, serve as advisory mechanisms and conduct cooperative research, or have a primary responsibility of regional sea turtle or seabird conservation.

Pacific Islands Regional Marine Species Programme 2008-2012

SPREP Publications, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme

The Pacific Islands region that is served by SPREP covers 32 million km2 and is in the middle of the largest continuous marine habitat on the planet, the Pacific Ocean. This region is home to a diverse range of large marine animals, including cetaceans, sirenians and marine turtles. Over half of the world’s known species of cetaceans are found in the region. The area also supports the world’s largest remaining populations of dugongs, and green, hawksbill and loggerhead turtles.

Whales in the South Pacific

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Department of Conservation

Whale-watching as an industry in the Pacific is growing much faster than whale numbers are recovering and is proving to be by far the most lucrative use of whales, with the added attraction of doing them no harm, provided that the operations are well managed.

Implementation of ecosystem-based management in Marine Capture Fisheries: case studies from WWF's Marine ecoregions

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Grieve, Chris

Short Katherine

WWFs Global Marine Programme focuses its activities on the most significant threats facing the marine environment today, and where WWF has the expertise to provide solutions for the future. The WWF marine team consists of marine scientists, policy experts, economists, lawyers and communications experts who work in over 40 countries. The work is focused in more than 20 prioritised, diverse marine ecoregions around the world from polar ice caps and highly productive upwellings, to coral reefs, mangrove forests and deep-sea habitats.

Current state of knowledge of Cetacean Threats, Diversity and Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region / by Cara Miller

Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Miller, Cara

This report provides an overview of the current state of knowledge of cetacean diversity, habitat and threats in the Pacifi c Islands Region. The boundaries of the Pacifi c Islands Region (Chapter 1), as defi ned by the Convention of Migratory Species (CMS) Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the Conservation of Cetaceans and their Habitats in the Pacifi c Islands Region (CMS 2006), are the marine areas under the jurisdiction of each Country or Territory of the Pacifi c Islands Region, and extend to the area defi ned by the Noumea Convention, i.e., between the Tropic of Cancer and 60° South latitude, and between 130° East longitude and 120° West longitude. The region stretches over some 10,000 kilometres from east to west and 5,000 kilometres from north to south, with a combined economic exclusion zone (EEZ) of approximately 30 million km². This region contains 22 Pacifi c Island Countries and Territories, as well as a portion of the Australian continent, both the North and South Islands of New Zealand, and a portion of the Hawaiian Islands. The region is purported to hold the most extensive and biologically diverse reefs in the world, the deepest ocean trenches, the worlds largest tuna fi shery, as well as a range of globally threatened species such as sea turtles, dugongs and cetaceans (UNDP 1999)

Setting priorities for marine conservation in the Fiji Islands Marine Ecoregion

Available Online

World Wildlife Fund

The Fiji Islands Marine Eco region which includes our coastal, Inshore and offshore marine environment is rich in marine biodiversity and endemism. A natural and vibrant ecological mosaic, it links coastal forests and mangroves; tidal estuaries, seagrass beds and lagoons; rich coral reefs and barrier islands. Amongst this rich mosaic can be found over a third of the worlds coral species, the 3rd longest barrier reef in the world, and a large number of species of mangroves and tropical sea grass species.However, the immense natural value of this region does not end with the counting of its many unique habitats. Living, migrating and multiplying within this rich natural environment are over a third of the coral reef fish species of the IndoPacifi c, many species of whales, and 5 of the seven species of marine turtles.There is no question that the natural wealth and diversity of this region makes it a unique place in the world – a place that should be protected and nurtured for many generations to come. Our marine environment sustains an incredible diversity of natural and our people. To sustain the integrity and health of those systems for our children’s future, and beyond them the many generations that will follow, a collective biodiversity vision is needed to be shaped for the Fiji Islands Marine Eco region.

A socio-economic assessment of the Huon coast leatherback turtle nesting beach project.

Biodiversity Conservation

Available Online

Kinch, J

he Western Pacific Regional Fisheries management council 1 (WPRFmc) currently funds several leatherback turtle recovery projects in the Western Pacific, whereby participating communities are paid to monitor beaches as opposed to harvesting eggs or turtles.

Pacific Islands Whale Watch Tourism: 2005 - A region wide review of activity. July 2006 (Draft v.2)

Biodiversity Conservation

Ecolarge

The Pacific Islands' whale and dolphin industry has demonstrated remarkable growth in the seven years since 1998. A worldwide assessment of the whale industry was presented in 2001 with global whale watching data for the 1998 season. The following report provides current data for the Pacific Islands region in 2005 and allows for analysis of recent trends in whale and dolphin watching tourism to be measured.

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