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To be able to continuously grow the necessary food crop, the soil has to be replenished with nutrient from organic matter or chemical fertilizer. Water is also necessary for good plant growth from sowing/transplanting until the end of the crop. Protecting the crop from pests and diseases, wind damage and animals will help the plant produce the quantity required. Grow different types of crop to have continuous food supply.

The study of forest change across Papua New Guinea records that extensive and rapid deforestation and forest degradation have occurred over the thirty years from 1972 to 2002. The main human activities driving these changes are identified as commercial forestry, subsistence agriculture, fires, and the development and operations of mines and plantations.

The Pacific Islands region is characterised by island nations with small populations scattered across an ocean area of approximately 36 million square kilometres. Less than 2 percent of this area is land. The region has a total population of around 8.5 million people. The 22 countries and territories of the Pacific include a mixture of continental islands, volcanic islands and low and raised coral atolls. These countries and territories have traditionally been divided into three groups - Melanesia (west), Polynesia (southeast) and Micronesia (north).

Large studies have shown higher rates of adult and childhood cancer and also birth defects around municipal waste incinerators: the results are consistent with the associations being causal. A number of smaller epidemiological studies support this interpretation and suggest that the range of illnesses produced by incinerators may be much wider.

Most of the 96 national monuments designated under U.S. law are on land. The majority are managed by the National Park Service, though some are administered by the Bureau of Land Management and other agencies. At this point neither the name of the proposed Mariana Trench Marine National Monu- ment (MTMNM) nor the management structure has been de- termined. For guidance one could review the process of the recently designated Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (PMNM), which is placed within the purview of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for budgetary purposes.

The Solomon Islands Electricity Authority (SIEA) is a Solomon Islands Government owned utility responsible for the generating, transmitting and distributing as well as selling of electricity supplies in the Solomon Islands. SIEA operates in nine (9) locations throughout the Solomon Islands with its Lungga and Honiara Powerstations serving Honiara. It has an installed capacity of 28 MW and a peak system load of 12.3 MW. The Authority has a total customer base of 10,150 with Electricity Sales for 2007 being 64.5 GWli. SIEA has a single-tier tariff with three distinct categories; Domestic, Commercial Industrial Government and 11 kV Tariff. The tariff has two components; a Base Tariff and a Fuel Surcharge.

Some presentations refer to the term Marine Managed Area (MMA) instead of Marine Protected Area (MPA) in order to cover more management options. The workshop proposed and adopted a rough typology of MM As that will be useful to communicate with the key decision makers (land use planners, coastal zone planners and managers, regional planners, protected area planners and managers, community leaders, sectorial planners in fisheries and environment...)

Solomon Islands is one of the seven countries of the South West Pacific Node of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN). The country coordination is carried out by the World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF) Gizo Office in the Western Province. All coral reef monitoring activities are carried out by WWF Gizo staff with very little interaction with other stakeholders in way of information sharing.

Samoa has been the recipient of Global Environment Facility (GEF) financial support since the pilot phase of the GEF when Samoa participated in two regional projects: one on biodiversity, the other on climate change. These two projects set the stage for GEF interventions in Samoa—and the Pacific region as a whole—creating a partnership among the GEF, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the South Pacific Regional Environmental Programme (SPREP), and the Samoan Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) that continues to this day.

This document outlines the activities that the Secretariat plans to undertake to support the IYB. Some of these have already begun and others are in development. The paper includes suggestions as to actions that other partners may take to advance the celebrations of the IYB. The end result of the IYB celebration will be action at various levels as a result of targeted "public awareness" campaigns in collaboration with a number of partners. A comprehensive evaluation will be undertaken early in 2011 to measure the quality and quantity of the impact of IYB events. A report will be submitted to the United Nations General Assembly in fall 2011.