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The MPA guide refines existing language and captures a shared vision to describe MPAs and the conservation outcomes they provide.

Ocean and Coastal states around the world are increasingly seeking to better utilize and benefit from their ocean environments, which can be vast in comparison to their land areas. Conflicting human uses, a changing climate, and a desire to ensure long term sustainability compound the challenge to grow a robust "blue economy".

Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) are sites that contribute significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity. The criteria used to identify KBAs incorporate elements of biodiversity across genetic, species and ecosystem levels, and are applicable to terrestrial, freshwater, marine and subterranean systems.

The purpose of this document is to assist anyone planning and programming the management of invasive species on islands, with the aim of reducing the negative impacts of invasive on islands' rich and fragile natural heritage communities and livelihoods

When the government of Australia created the Great Barrier Reef Region (346,000 km2) in 1975 and subsequently declared parts as sections of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, the protected area greatly surpassed all existing marine protected areas (MPAs) in both scope and scale. Yet it would be nearly 30 years before a second LSMPA or areas greater than 150,000 km2 (see Box 1) was declared. Established as the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve in 2000, the new site was the first truly remote LSMPA. In 2006, the area was slightly expanded and recognised as the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument (362,074 km2), and expanded again in 2016 (1,508,870 km2) to become the largest MPA globally

The IUCN categories are applicable to all types of protected areas, whether terrestrial or marine. the 2008 Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories (2008 Guidelines) provide considerable detail on the use and application of the categories, including for marine protected area (MPAs).

Synopsis - Coral reefs are integral to the cultures and nutrition of many Pacific peoples; this report was developed to assist reef conservation for those peoples.

The purpose of this report ‘The Ocean and Climate Change – Tools and Guidelines for Action’ is to engage, inform and guide decision makers with regard to the development and implementation of marine and coastal climate change strategies and programmes

Protected areas are areas of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection of biological diversity, natural and cultural resources, which are managed by government or nongovernmental agencies. Protected areas include, but are not limited to: National Parks, National Reserves, Game Reserves, Forest Reserves, Forest Parks, Marine Reserves, Marine Sanctuaries, and Nature Reserves.

Protected areas are areas of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection of biological diversity, natural and cultural resources, which are managed by government or nongovernmental agencies. Protected areas include, but are not limited to: National Parks, National Reserves, Game Reserves, Forest Reserves, Forest Parks, Marine Reserves, Marine Sanctuaries, and Nature Reserves.