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Status of the Coral reefs of the world: 2008
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Wilkinson, Clive

2008
This Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2008 report from the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network summarises what has happened to the world's coral reefs since 2004 and uses expert opinion of coral reef scientists and managers from 96 countries and states to make predictions on what could happen to coral reefs in the future. This combined expertise also seeks to provide advice to the world's decision makers on what should be done to allow us to bequeath healthy coral reefs to future generations. The release of this report coincides with the end of the International Year of the Reef (IYOR 2008), which has focussed considerable global attention on coral reefs.
Underwater cultural heritage in Oceania
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

UNESCO

2010
Underwater Cultural Heritage encompasses all traces of human existence that lie or were lying under water and have a cultural, archaeological or historical character. Over the centuries, thousands of ships, entire cities, and even landscapes have been swallowed by the waves. Their remains now constitute a precious heritage, which attracts increasing attention from the scientifi c community and the public at large. Scientists are fi nding more and more unique traces of the history of humanity under water. The oldest human remains in the Americas have been discovered in a fl ooded cave, the waters of the Mediterranean hide the remains of one of the Wonders of the World, the Pharos of Alexandria. Neanderthalian hunting grounds and painted caves have been found under water, as have been Maya sacrifi cial sites and ancient pile dwellings, and last but not least, immense and tragic shipwrecks fi re the imagination and expectation of scientists and the public.
Sandwatch: revised and expanded edition : adapting to climate change and educating for sustainable development
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Cambers, Gillian

,

Diamond, Paul

2010
Sandwatch provides a framework for children, youth and adults, with the help of teachers and local communities, to work together to critically evaluate the problems and conflicts facing their beach environments, and to develop sustainable approaches to address these issues. It also helps beaches become more resilient to climate change. The preliminary chapters of this publication focus on how to get started with Sandwatch activities and examine ways to address climate change impacts. The principle aim of this publication is to document the Sandwatch methodology: monitoring, analysing, sharing and taking action. An activities-orientated approach is used to provide step-by-step instructions to cover monitoring methods and data analysis, including observation and recording, erosion and accretion, beach composition, human activities, beach debris, water quality, waves, longshore currents, plants and animals. The activities are related to (a) sustainable development issues, including: beach ownership, mining beaches for construction material, conflict resolution between different beach users, pollution, conservation of endangered species, and (b) climate change adaptation issues: sea level rise, rising temperatures, ocean acidification and increased extreme events. Ways to share findings and create a Sandwatch network are detailed including methods such as the use of local media, websites, social networking and video production. Finally, ways are discussed to design, plan and implement a Sandwatch project to fulfill one or all of the following criteria: (a) addressing a particular beach-related issue, (b) enhancing the beach, and (c) promoting climate change adaptation.
UNESCO Pacific World Heritage workshop, Apia, Samoa, 5-9 September 2011 : final report
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

2011
Despite its extraordinary cultural and biological diversity and richness, the Pacific is recognised by the World Heritage Committee as one of the most under-represented regions on the World Heritage List. Moreover, the Pacific region requires special assistance for the more effective implementation of the World Heritage Convention, as it faces special challenges related to its unique geographical, cultural and social characteristics.
Pacific Islands Regional Strategic Planning: public forum and final stakeholder assessment report
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

CONCUR, Inc

2004
The pages that follow contain a summary report developed by CONCUR, Inc., based on the discussions. This report is intended to draw out and highlight key themes raised during the discussions. It also strives to convey the great diversity of comments and suggestions made. It is not, however, intended to be a comprehensive listing of all issues mentioned. No comments included in this report are attributed to specific individuals; rather, this report represents a synthesis across all discussions.
Pilot study of factors linking watershed function and coastal ecosystem health in American Samoa: trip report
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Atkinson Carter T

,

Medeiros Arthur C

2005
This report assesses the potential need for an interagency effort to address the management and functioning of watersheds and their relationship to the integrity of near shore marine ecosystems and resources in American Samoa. The global demands of growing human populations are changing the dynamics of watersheds. These changes, usually involving increased or modified nutrient and sediment movement, marginalize the sustainability of both near shore and offshore marine resources. Though this trend is widely recognized, empirical data that documents these changes and assesses the effects of specific management actions is often lacking.
Seaweeds of American Samoa
BRB
Available Online

Posa A. Skelton

This study provides the latest, up-to-date information on the diversity of marine plants (algae and seagrasses) of American Samoa. A general introduction to marine plants is provided, with observations on the flora of the islands. An illustrated guide to 67 macroalgae and seagrasses is provided in this report. The surveys covered 26 sites from four inhabited islands Tutuila, Aunu’u, Ofu and Olosega and two smaller uninhabited islands – Nu’utele and Nu’usilaelae. The habitats surveyed include subtidal sites to 20-m depth, inter tidal and the spray or splash zone. It also included surveys of relatively pristine coral reefs as well as high impact areas such as the inner Pago Pago Harbor. Two separate surveys, both over a two-week period in October 2002 and September 2003 were carried out and the final results are reported herein. A total of 635 specimens were analyzed and 239 algal and seagrass species were enumerated. The red algae (Rhodophyta) had the highest number of species with 133 identified. The green algae (Chlorophyta) had 60 species, the brown algae (Phaeophyta) had 29, and the blue-green (Cyanophyta) 27; only two seagrass species were found. This study showed that the flora of American Samoa is diverse, and that what is recorded reflects about 60% of the potential flora. The most diverse site was Utulei with 56 species; a site located near the Pago Pago Harbor entrance. Other notable diverse sites include the Fagatele National Marine Sanctuary with 50 species, Fagasa (44), Mafafa (36), Aua (32), and Onososopo and Fagaalu both with 31 species. The least diverse sites were the docks and the smaller Nu’usilaelae Island. This is attributed to the limited collections from these sites for safety reasons. There are no substantiated records of endemic algae or seagrasses from American Samoa. Two species recorded by the American phycologist, William Setchell in 1924 (Sargassum fonanonense and Sargassum anapense) need more studies to verify their endemicity, as similar species have been recorded in the neighboring Western Samoa islands, where they are known under different names. Four algae are considered to be recently introduced into the American Samoan flora. Halymenia durvillei and Caulerpa serrulata may have been introduced from Apia Harbor, Western Samoa, whereas Grateloupia filicina and Codium mamillosum may have been introduced from places beyond the Archipelago. Although only single specimens were collected for the latter two algae, it is prudent that monitoring and surveys must be maintained to keep abreast of any potential impacts. The flora of American Samoa fits in with the biogeographic theory of decreasing diversity away from the Indo-Pacific centre of biodiversity. The 222 species of red, green and brown algae is well above those of the Cook Islands (67) and the Easter Islands (134), but below that of French Polynesia (308). The reason for this disparity is attributed to the intensity of collections. The diversity of American Samoan seagrasses and algae are better known than those of neighboring island countries. To allow for a continuous buildup and maintenance of this knowledge the following observations and recommendations are made.
Threatened island nations : legal implications of rising seas and changing climate
Climate Change Resilience, Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Gregory E. Wannier

,

Michael B. Gerrard

2015
Threatened island nations : legal implications of rising seas and changing climate
First meeting of the signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and their habitats in the Pacific Islands Region
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP)

2007
Mamanuca coral reef conservation project - Fiji 2001 report summary
Biodiversity Conservation
Available Online

Harborne, Alastair et al.

2001
The coastal zone of Fiji (which includes seagrass beds, mangroves and coral reefs) is threatened by a number of factors, for example pollution following land-use conversion and over-fishing. Localised anthropogenic threats have been exacerbated by storm damage, outbreaks of the coral eating crown-of-thorns starfish and coral bleaching events. For example, most areas of Fiji, including the reefs of the Mamanuca Islands, suffered from a mass coral bleaching event in early 2000. Marine reserves are currently limited and expansion of this network requires additional data and conservation education. The aim of the pilot project of the MCRCP was to initiate a programme of surveys, training and conservation education to assess the status of local reefs and improve environmental awareness amongst neighbouring communities.

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