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The study has been undertaken in two phases. The first incorporated a desktop review to catalogue and critically evaluate existing approaches to shoreline protection in the Pacific, based on technical, social, and environmental criteria

Erosion and recession of shorelines is of significant concern to Pacific island countries (PICs). Coastal erosion is caused by a number of factors that include storms and high water levels, reduced sediment production on coral reefs, removal of coastal sands by mining of beaches and the trapping of sediment by rivers and structures.

This review focuses on the gender mainstreaming approach to addressing gender issues in development programs. It is clear that while gender mainstreaming is a widely-used concept, there are differing interpretations, priorities and practices in the Pacific as elsewhere