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This book provides a brief overview of some of the key aspects of the Solomon island's marine environments and the threats they face. The Solomon region's marine ecosystems are some of the most diverse and intact on earth. They have been identified as part of the 'Coral Triangle' which is an area of the highest biodiversity of coral and fish species on the planet. It is these rich resources that support the livelihoods of the rural population, Solomon people have been sustainably using these marine and forest resources for thousands of years. The recent change to commercial harvesting of forests and reefs as well as future climate change related impacts has and will continue to place new pressure on these resources.